Getting a job

Depends on the job.

Most jobs aren’t advertised, as most employers would prefer to fill the position without the hassle of interviews. The best way to be considered for a job is to be known. Some places don’t even know they want to hire anyone, but may do so after you impress the hell out of them.
If you have the luxury, approach people who are in the line of business that you are interested in and try to establish a relationship. Initially look for a mentor. Get advice from people working in that sector. Seek out a mentor. Ask if they mind if you job shadow, observe, or work for free for experience. They may offer you a job, or recommend you to a colleague who is looking for someone. Word of mouth is important in most circles I have traveled. At the very least you may get a decent field specific reference. They may also give you leads on unadvertised jobs. Some people want to hire but are just too busy to go through the process.
It doesn’t hurt to drop off resumes, but it’s a faceless process that rarely yields results. A lot of places advertise because they have to, even though they already know who they are going to hire.
Volunteer with your spare time (assuming you have some). Volunteer work shows a lot about your character and looks good on a resume.
Employers generally want someone who is going to show up on time everyday, put in a good days work, ask the right questions, not make work for them, and get along with the other staff, so anything you can do to relay that you are that person will help.
On a related note, remember that you write your own references through your actions and interactions. Most people don’t realize this.